Review of sensing technologies for measuring powder density variations during pharmaceutical solid dosage form manufacturing

Oral solid dosage forms, the most widely used pharmaceutical products, are typically manufactured through a series of processes that transform blend drug and excipient particles into densified product with consistent quality attributes. While densification powder during processing is crucial directly impacts product, there still scarcity non-destructive fast sensor systems provide access to density at critical process stages. This review discusses methods for monitoring variations particulate matter by describing their principles presenting application examples. The techniques discussed range from common in-line such as near-infrared spectroscopy, acoustic emission ultrasonic well potential be more frequently applied in manufacturing line, i.e., terahertz spectroscopy imaging, microwave technique, electrical tomography X-ray based methods. also compares these terms measurement data time, resolution its ability integrated process.